Changes in prevalence of anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients during a two-year recovery period: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of anxiety and depression prevalences up to 2 years of follow-up for COVID-19 patients during the recovery period and to compare regional differences. METHODS: We performed a systematic review from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP using keywords such as "COVID-19", "anxiety", "depression", and "cohort study". Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression at five follow-up time intervals. Subgroup analyses were conducted by different regions. RESULTS: 34 cohort studies were included in the meta-analyses. The pooled anxiety prevalence rates at 0-1 month, 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-12 months and 12-24 months were 18% (95% CI: 11% to 28%), 18% (95% CI: 12% to 28%), 22% (95% CI: 16% to 29%), 15% (95% CI: 11% to 21%), and 10% (95% CI: 0.05% to 20%), respectively, and the pooled depression prevalence rates were 22% (95%CI: 15% to 33%), 19% (95% CI: 13% to 29%), 21% (95% CI: 15% to 28%), 15% (95% CI: 11% to 20%), and 9% (95% CI: 0.4% to 21%) respectively. The prevalence of depression in Asian and non-Asian countries was statistically different at 0-1 month (χ2 = 15.248, P < 0.001) and 1-3 months (χ2 = 28.298, P < 0.001), and prevalence of anxiety was statistically different at 3-6 months (χ2 = 9.986, P = 0.002) and 6-12 months (χ2 = 7.378, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients generally tends to decrease after 2 years of recovery, but may temporarily increase at 3-6 months. There are regional differences in the changes in prevalence of anxiety and depression.

Analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hepatitis E in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2020.

Objective: This study attempts to analyze the spatial clustering and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hepatitis E (HE) at the county (city and district) level in Jiangsu province to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HE. Method: The information on HE cases reported in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2005 to 2020 was collected for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial-temporal clustering analysis. Result: From 2005 to 2020, 48,456 HE cases were reported in Jiangsu province, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.87/100,000. Male cases outnumbered female cases (2.46:1), and the incidence was highest in the 30-70 years of age group (80.50%). Farmers accounted for more than half of all cases (59.86%), and in terms of the average annual incidence, the top three cities were all in Zhenjiang city. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that Global Moran's I of HE incidence varied from 0.232 to 0.513 for the years. From 2005 to 2020, 31 counties (cities and districts) had high and statistically significant HE incidence, and two clustering areas were detected by spatial-temporal scanning. Conclusion: HE incidence in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2020 was stable, with age and gender differences, regional clustering, and spatial-temporal clustering. Further investigation of HE clustering areas is necessary to formulate corresponding targeted prevention and control measures.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 improved gut microbial metabolites and alleviated inflammatory response in pesticide exposure cohorts.

Multiple pesticide residue accumulations increase the probability of chronic metabolic diseases in humans. Thus, we applied multi-omics techniques to reveal how the gut microbiome responded to pesticide exposure. Then, we explored how probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 (P9) consumption impacted the gut microbiota and immune factors after high pesticide exposure. Multi-omics results indicated frequent exposure to pesticides did not alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, but it did increase the abundance of Lipopolysaccharide in the gut, which might contribute to chronic inflammation. Supplementation with P9 maintained the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and reduced the abundance of pathogens in the high pesticide-exposed subjects. By detecting metabolites, we observed uridine and 5-oxoproline concentrations increased significantly after P9 consumption. Furthermore, P9 alleviated immune factors disorder and promoted pesticide residue excretion. Our findings provide new insights into the application of probiotics for pesticide detoxification, and suggest probiotics as daily supplements for pesticide exposure prevention.